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history of kuk sool won:
1:2 aNCIENT hISTORY - tRIBAL eRA: 30,000 bce - 57 bce
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We begin our review of the origins of the now highly sophisticated, Korean martial arts with the tribal era, which covers the period from the Palaeolithic Age to around the start of the Common Era. |
Palaeolithic Age - 30,000 BCE
Archaeological research has ascertained almost certainly that man has inhabited the Korean peninsula since the late Palaeolithic Age, some thirty thousand years ago. Excavations in both North HAM GYONG Province (North Korea) and CHUNG CHONG Province (South Korea) have unearthed stone cutting tools, remnants of human hair, charred wood and carved stone-tablets depicting ancient stone weapons. This evidence would suggest that Palaeolithic Koreans were hunters and gatherers who lived either in the shelter of caves, or in the open along the great rivers and who, almost certainly, had to fight to survive in an inhospitable world.
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Neolithic Age - 3,000 BCE
Modern Koreans are probably the descendants of a number of migrating tribes originating in Central Asia (Manchuria, Siberia), who moved southwards, settling along the great rivers and east and south coasts of the Korean peninsula. These Neolithic Koreans lived either in caves or in communal sunken pits, which they covered over with thatched roofs. Fishing and hunting were their main means of survival, although crude agricultural implements that have been discovered would suggest that they knew some methods of farming.
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The Legend of TAN GUN - 2333 BCE
The earliest name given to the Kingdom of Korea was CHOSON - ‘land of the morning calm’, or ‘morning freshness’ - by the legendary founder of the nation, TAN GUN*.
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Figure 5:
Painting of TAN GUN Legendary Founder of Korea |
As legend has it, a god named HWAN UNG decided he wished to live in the human world, and chose TAE BACK SAN** Mountain (one of the three highest peaks in the MYOH YANG, or Ever-White Mountain range in North Korea) as a suitable place to live. When HWAN UNG descended from heaven, he appeared under a sandalwood tree. He brought with him three thousand loyal heavenly subjects, who were to be responsible for teaching the people a number of useful arts and crafts, which included farming and healing. HWAN UNG undertook also to instil upon the people moral principles, as well as to impose a code of law. The legend continues that at this time there lived in a nearby cave a female bear and a tigress, who both wished to become human. HWAN UNG took pity upon the creatures and told them that if they followed his instructions they would both, within a period of one hundred days, be transformed into human beings. Only the bear followed faithfully HWAN UNG's instructions and after the appropriate time became transformed into a woman. When the bear-woman was unable to find a husband, she prayed under the sandalwood tree to HWAN UNG who answered her prayers by marrying her. Their offspring was named TAN GUN WANG GOM – ‘King of Sandalwood’.
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| In 2333 BCE (traditional date), King TAN GUN chose PYONG YANG (now the capital of North Korea) as his royal residence and bestowed the name of CHOSON upon his kingdom. Later, King TAN GUN moved his capital to ASADEL on TAE BAEK SAN Mountain, where he ruled for several centuries until King WU of CHOU (ancient Chinese dynasty) placed KIJA on the throne as King of CHOSON in 1122 BCE (traditional date). When King KIJA arrived at ASADEL, TAN GUN left for CHANG TANG KYONG, but later returned once more to ASADEL and the TAE BAEK SAN Mountain, whereupon he became a mountain god at the age of 1,908!
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*Korean Foundation Day, or TAN GUN Day, is commemorated each year by a national holiday, which is held on October 3 rd .
**It may be noticed that names that refer to either places, buildings or people have the same reoccurring suffix . These are explained as follows:
SAN means mountain
SA means temple
DAE SA means priest or monk of the highest order
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